- In their factor-endowment theory of international trade, Heckscher and Ohlin acknowledged that the gains from trade would not be evenly distributed and that some would gain from expanded and others would lose. Within the capital-abundant countries, who are the major winners and losers likely to be and why?
- Rodrik argues that expanded trade and freeing of cross-border investment can cause “social arbitrage” and a “race to the bottom” in labor and environmental standards. Why? Explain his argument.
- Why were the structuralists pessimistic about international trade?
- What are some of the major policies associated with import substitution industrialization?
- Communist governments influenced by the writings of Karl Marx emphasized the need to change the social relationships of production and eliminate economic classes.
- What are the major policies associated with communist/socialist approaches to development?
- Sen and others argue that the goal of development is not to raise GDP, but to improve human capability. What does this mean? What are some goals and policies that Sen and others (such as those who developed the Sustainable Development Goals) emphasize?
